medicine beginner 10 sample questions

Chronic Conditions MCQ Practice Test

Long-term health disorders

Q1. The first-line treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is ____.

Explanation: Gradual weight loss (7-10% of body weight) via lifestyle change is the cornerstone of NAFLD/NASH management; pharmacotherapy is adjunctive and selective. The original keyed pentoxifylline as "most likely prescribed."

Q2. A patient with  Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is prescribed  Metformin. What is the primary mechanism of action of this medication?

Explanation: Metformin works by inhibiting the production of glucose in the liver, thereby reducing blood glucose levels. It does not increase insulin sensitivity, stimulate insulin release, or increase glucose absorption.

Q3. A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed an ACE inhibitor to slow the progression of the disease. Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors in patients with this condition?

Explanation: ACE inhibitors can cause an increase in potassium levels, which is a common side effect in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Q4. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prescribed  enalapril to slow the progression of kidney damage. Which of the following is a potential side effect of enalapril?

Explanation: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause an increase in potassium levels, leading to hyperkalemia.

Q5. A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed "Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents" to treat which of the following complications?

Explanation: Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents, such as Epogen, are used to treat anemia caused by chronic kidney disease, which is a common complication of CKD.

Q6. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prescribed a medication to slow the progression of kidney damage. Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat CKD?

Explanation: Losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that helps slow the progression of kidney damage in patients with CKD by reducing blood pressure and proteinuria.

Q7. A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed "Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents" to treat anemia. Which of the following is a common side effect of these medications?

Explanation: Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents, such as epoetin alfa, can increase the risk of blood clots in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Q8. A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed  metformin to improve insulin sensitivity. Which of the following is a common side effect of metformin?

Explanation: The most common metformin side effects are gastrointestinal (nausea, diarrhea, cramping); lactic acidosis is rare but serious, mainly with renal impairment. Metformin alone rarely causes hypoglycemia and tends to be weight-neutral.

Q9. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to slow the progression of kidney damage. Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors in patients with CKD?

Explanation: ACE inhibitors can cause an increase in potassium levels, which can lead to hyperkalemia in patients with CKD. This is because ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in aldosterone levels, which in turn increases potassium levels.

Q10. A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to slow the progression of the disease. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?

Explanation: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by increasing potassium levels in the blood, which may require monitoring and dose adjustment.

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Chronic Conditions MCQ Practice Test | Mind Hustle